Green Kenaf-Based Adsorbent for Adsorption of Pb (II) Ions in Water

Excessive toxic metals are commonly found in polluted water bodies. This study aimed to synthesise kenaf-based adsorbents for the adsorption of lead (II) ions. The physical and chemical characteristics kenaf (KNF) core fibre were determined using field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). further synthesised kenaf-chitosan-alginate (KNF-CHT-ALG) beads characterised through FESEM FTIR, while inductively coupled plasma (ICP) was employed determine percentage adsorption. demonstrated that KNF had a rougher surface morphology than fibre. TGA confirmed coarser contained higher residue approximately 75.91%. FTIR spectra established intense functional groups core, such as hydroxyl carboxyl, attracting more Pb then used KNF-CHT-ALG beads. enhancement existence numerous ions bind. ICP 95% ion Additionally, batch experiments conducted at pH 2–7 contact time within 5–60 minutes. kinetic followed pseudo-second order model with an R2 value 0.9999. is crop abundance Malaysia, which could reduce production cost adsorbents. significant outcomes would minimise dependency on accelerate removal process heavy natural bodies water.